प्राथमिक तूट म्हणजे काय ?

Union budget items appear in every MPSC prelim. The three headline numbers to remember for the current cycle: total receipts, total expenditure and fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP. Under FRBM the medium-term target is a fiscal deficit of 3 percent of GDP and a debt-to-GDP ratio of 40 percent for the Union — MPSC has repeatedly asked which target got revised in which post-pandemic budget.

Maharashtra's own budget mirrors this pattern at the state level: state's own tax revenue, share in central taxes, grants-in-aid from the Union, borrowings under FRBMA, and the sectoral allocation. The state's flagship expenditure programmes tend to cluster around irrigation (Krishna Marathwada, Konkan, Vidarbha regional projects), highway upgrades (Samruddhi Mahamarg, Coastal Road), and education (Right to Education implementation, the Mukhyamantri Mahila Sashaktikaran Abhiyan). Our Economics Yojana notes on the Notes tab walk through the largest Union and state schemes side by side.

For every scheme discussed in a MPSC paper, note the associated ministry code — MoRD (Rural Development) for MGNREGA and PMAY-Gramin, MoHUA (Housing and Urban Affairs) for PMAY-Urban and DAY-NULM, MoA&FW (Agriculture) for PM-Kisan and PMFBY, MoFin (Finance) for PMJDY and PM-SVANidhi, MoHFW (Health) for PM-JAY and Mission Indradhanush. This ministry-to-scheme mapping is the single most useful shortcut in MPSC Economics.